Pesquisa | SciELO

Resumen: El artículo aborda un tema particularmente sensible para la investigación científica como lo son los estudios que involucran directamente a niños y niñas. El valor social y la relevancia científica de la investigación en este campo es indudable, sin embargo, su justificación requiere especial detenimiento en las condiciones para el ejercicio de sus derechos antes, durante y después del proceso de investigación. La naturalización de su denominación como “población vulnerable” y el ejercicio de su autonomía relativa, son dos dimensiones principales aquí. El artículo navega por preguntas que no se resuelven aquí precisamente, ¿qué garantías para el proceso efectivo de asentimiento informado?, ¿cómo acompañar en la toma de decisiones sin sustituir al niño y la niña? Sin embargo, sí avanza en la instalación de dilemas y aspectos conceptuales y reflexivos sustantivos en la práctica científica.

Summary: The article deals with a particularly sensitive topic for scientific research, such as research studies that directly involve boys and girls. The social value and scientific relevance of research in this field is unquestionable; however, its justification requires special care regarding the conditions of children’s rights before, during and after the research process. The naturalization of their denomination as a “vulnerable population” and the exercise of their relative autonomy are the two main dimensions of this study. This paper explores questions that are not answered in it precisely: what guarantees informed consent during the effective process? How to accompany the decision making process without replacing the boy and the girl? However, the study makes progress regarding the setting of substantive conceptual and reflective dilemmas and aspects in scientific practice.

Resumo: O artigo trata de um tema particularmente sensível para a pesquisa científica, os estudos que envolvem diretamente meninos e meninas. O valor social e a relevância científica da pesquisa neste campo é inquestionável, porém, sua justificativa requer cuidados especiais nas condições de exercício dos direitos da criancas, durante e após o processo de pesquisa. A naturalização de sua denominação como “população vulnerável” e o exercício de sua autonomia relativa são as duas dimensões principais deste paper. O artigo explora por questões que não são aqui resolvidas de forma precisa: quais sao as garantias para o processo efetivo de assentimento informado? Como acompanhar o proceso da tomada de decisões sem substituir o menino e a menina? No entanto, realizamos um avanço na instalação de dilemas e aspectos conceituais e reflexivos substantivos na prática científica.

https://doi.org/10.31134/ap.94.2.18

Propiedades Psicométricas del Cuestionario de Sobreingesta (OQ) en Universitarios del Valle de México
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González Alcántara, Karla Edith

; Valle Nava, Marianne Daniela

; Silva, Cecilia

Acta de investigación psicológica

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Abr 2022, Volume 12 Nº 1 Páginas 88 - 106

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la estructura factorial, consistencia interna y estabilidad de la medida del Cuestionario de Sobreingesta Alimentaria (OQ) en una población universitaria. Participaron 703 jóvenes de la zona metropolitana del valle de México con edades entre los 18 y 25 años (M = 20.2; DE = 1.8) de los cuales 73% eran mujeres y 27% hombres. Los análisis de los reactivos se llevaron a cabo siguiendo las técnicas propuestas en la Teoría Clásica de los Test. Tras revisar la distribución, discriminación, correlación ítem total y multicolinealidad de los reactivos se procedió a probar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento. Aunque tras los análisis sólo se conservaron 61 de los 80 reactivos y diez de las once escalas originales, se observó que el instrumento tiene una estructura factorial similar a la propuesta por los autores del instrumento, ya que los modelos probados mostraron adecuados índices de ajuste en los análisis factoriales confirmatorios y correlaciones entre las escalas similares a la versión original. Las diez escalas mostraron adecuados valores de consistencia interna y aceptables valores de estabilidad de la medida. Se concluye que el OQ cuenta con apropiadas características psicométricas para su uso en universitarios mexicanos.

Abstract The aim of this research was to determine the factorial structure, internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Overeating Questionnaire (OQ) in a university population. 703 young people from the metropolitan area of the Valley of Mexico with ages between 18 and 25 years (M = 20.2; SD = 1.8) participated, of which 73% were women and 27% men. The translation of the questions into Spanish carried out in 2007 was applied. This application was carried out in two ways: in person and online. Item analyzes were carried out following the techniques proposed in the Classical Test Theory. Initially it was reviewed the distribution, discrimination, total item correlation and multicollinearity of the items. After exploring the distribution of the 80 original items, fifteen were discarded for presenting high asymmetry or kurtosis, then just two items in a scale remained so those were discarded too. No item was eliminated when testing the discrimination of the item. In the element-total correlation two items that obtained values less than .30 were eliminated, and no item was descarted through the multocollinearity analyzes. This way after the initial analyzes only 61 of the 80 items and ten of the eleven original scales were preserved. Subsequently the psychometric properties of the instrument were tested. It is shown that the instrument has a factorial structure similar to that proposed by the authors of the instrument because the tested models showed adequate fit indices in confirmatory factor analyzes and correlations between scales similar to the original version. The ten scales that remained for Mexican population showed adequate values of internal consistency and acceptable test-retest reliability values. It is concluded that the modifications in the OQ have appropriate psychometric characteristic for use in Mexican university students.

https://doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2022.1.418

Estrés percibido en niños deportistas: Análisis de grupos focales
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Moreno Gómez, Claudia Arlen

; Silva, Cecilia

; González Alcántara, Karla Edith

Interdisciplinaria

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Jun 2021, Volume 38 Nº 3 Páginas 7 - 23

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Doing physical activity carries multiple benefits both physical and psychological (Aparicio, Carbonell y Delgado, 2010); however, when competitive sports practice is being carried out, the athletes can find themselves with less favoring situations such as pressure, coach demands and a psychologically challenging, environment that may conduce them to stress states (Lucia et al., 2017). The athletes that present stress in their sports practice exteriorize some consequences that may include low quality performance, loss of sleep and appetite, decrease in satisfaction levels for sports training and increase in physical injuries (Abián-Vicén, Báguena y Abián, 2015). When the stress becomes chronic it becomes as predictor of burnout syndrome in sports (De Francisco, Arce, Vílcheza y Vales, 2016). Also, these consequences may result significative not only in sports training but in the personal life of the athletes, therefore, is important make an intervention for these athletes to avoid reaching chronic stressful states. However, there is little information on the factors that cause stress in child athletes because most of the research in the field has been developed in an older population that practices high-performance sports (Ramírez, 2015), so it isn’t appropriate to use this foundation with children because their development stage is different and stress could have different sources and repercussions. In order to know the factors that children perceive as stressors in sports, a qualitative research and phenomenological design was carried out, in which four focus groups were carried out, in which a total of 41 children participated. The inclusion criteria to participate were being affiliated with sports centers of the Mexico City government, being between 6 and 12 years old and having participated in at least one competition or tournament. Children who did not want to collaborate or whose parents did not give consent for their participation were excluded. A comparative analysis was made for the codification and categorization of information that consists of three types of codification: open, axial and selective (Onwuegbuzie, Dickinson, Leech y Zoran, 2011). After the open codification analysis, five preliminary categories were detected, later, in the axial codification, the judges agreed that the five categories of stressors that the children reported were produced in two different contexts: training and competition, so these two were classified as the two major categories. Finally, after the axial coding, every one of these two major categories stayed conformed by five the subcategories: personal situations, coaches, peers, family and external situations. Every subcategory consists of various factors that produce stress to children. In training, the factors that children mentioned are the demands and favoritism by the coach; also to experiment negative emotions like fear, anger or frustration; lack of time to do recreational and academic activities; extreme physical tiredness; negative interaction with peers, violence or exclusion between peers, the demand of satisfactory results by their relatives and the perception of lack of infrastructure for suitable training. In the competitive context, children report that suffering negative emotions generated by the pressure of competition, concerns about their performance in the contest, unpredictable situations such as accidents or delays, uneasiness about the performance of other competitors, and being exposed to the judgments that people who attend the competition will make, were the factors that children consider as generators of stress. In future research, it will be advisable to take into account the time that children have been practicing the sport, since it is possible that the perception of stress changes with the years of training. We can also evaluate in groups of children who are at the same age, since the maturation process progresses rapidly during childhood. It will also be worth differentiating between individual and team sports athletes.

Resumen Con el objetivo de conocer los factores que los niños perciben como estresantes dentro de la práctica deportiva, se llevó a cabo una investigación de corte cualitativo y de diseño fenomenológico, en la cual se realizaron cuatro grupos focales en los que participaron un total de 41 niños deportistas de entre seis y doce años pertenecientes a las disciplinas de gimnasia artística, natación clavados o fútbol. Las entrevistas permitieron identificar factores que los niños perciben como estresantes en su práctica deportiva, que según lo reportado por ellos, se dividen en dos contextos: el entrenamiento y la competencia. En el entrenamiento, los factores que más mencionaron fueron las exigencias y el favoritismo por algunos niños del grupo por parte del entrenador, así como experimentar emociones negativas, entre ellas la falta de tiempo para realizar otras actividades y el cansancio físico. En el contexto de la competencia, reportaron experimentar emociones negativas y preocupación como los factores que más les generan estrés. Los hallazgos permiten corroborar que los niños deportistas perciben distintas situaciones de estrés asociadas con la práctica de su disciplina, por lo que es importante incluir en los programas deportivos, el entrenamiento en estrategias de afrontamiento. Es probable que si los niños aprenden a afrontar el estrés de manera adecuada, no solo tendrán una mejor salud física y emocional, sino también más éxito en su disciplina y disminuirán las tasas de abandono.

https://doi.org/10.16888/interd.2021.38.3.1 284 downloads

Colony aging affects the reproductive performance of Swiss Webster females used as recipients for embryo transfer
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Schlapp, Geraldine

; Meikle, Maria Noel

; Silva, Cecilia

; Fernandez-Graña, Gabriel

; Menchaca, Alejo

; Crispo, Martina

Animal Reproduction

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2020, Volume 17 Nº 4 elocation e20200524

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the influence of colony aging in a Swiss Webster (SW) outbred stock used as recipients for embryo transfer. In the first study, a retrospective analysis was performed throughout several generations during a 38-month period in 2,398 embryos transferred to 108 SW recipients. A decrease in the percentage of live pups from transferred embryos was found at the end of the period. Impairment occurred due to the incidence of maternal cannibalism that increased from 0% to 67-100% (P<0.05), while pregnancy rate (pregnant/transferred recipients) and number of pups per delivered female were not affected throughout the period (P=NS). A following study was carried out to compare the reproductive performance of SW stock vs. B6D2F1 hybrid females in a 5-year interval. The study was conducted on a total of 893 embryos transferred to 40 females (20 SW and 20 B6D2F1) in Year #1, and 514 embryos transferred to 30 females (15 SW and 15 B6D2F1) in Year #5. No cases of maternal cannibalism were found on Year #1 in any of the strains (0/10 and 0/10). However, an incidence of 44,4% (4/9) was seen on Year #5 for SW, while for B6D2F1 the incidence was 0% (0/12) (P<0.05). Further examination of the uterus showed endometrial cysts and abnormal implantation sites in SW on Year #5 but not in B6D2F1 females. In conclusion, this study reports an impairment of the reproductive performance of an early aged SW outbred stock colony mainly due to the occurrence of maternal cannibalism. This finding has important implications for embryo transfer programs conducted in mouse facilities.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0524 618 downloads

Influence of silicon, strontium and aluminum oxides on silicon nitride ceramics for bone replacements
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Nascimento, Sergio Ferreira do

; Rodas, Andrea Cecilia Dorion

; Carvalho, Flávio Machado de Souza

; Higa, Olga Zazuco

; Silva, Cecilia Chaves Guedes e

Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)

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2020, Volume 25 Nº 4 elocation e-12878

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Although silicon nitride ceramics have been shown very propitious to be used for bone replacements, some characteristics can be controlled to improve their osseointegrations process. One of them is the intergranular phase whose composition can be specified to stimulate mineralization and osteoblastic production. In this paper, the intergranular glassy phase was projected in order to contain silicon, strontium and aluminum oxides. Silicon nitride samples containing different contents of SiO2, SrO and Al2O3 were sintered at 1815oC for 1 hour and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Hardness and fracture toughness were determined by Vickers hardness test and compressive strength was evaluated using an universal material testing machine. The biological behavior was studied in regard to cytotoxicity and cell proliferation by means of in vitro experiments. The samples reached high densities (higher than 95 %TD), total α→β-Si3N4 transformation, fracture toughness higher than 6.5 MPa.m1/2, compressive strength up to 2500 MPa and Vickers hardness less than 9.8 GPa. All samples were non-cytotoxic and able to promote cell proliferation with great potential to be used as components for bone replacements. However, that sample with high content of strontium had the best results of cell proliferation, proving the importance of a careful choice of intergranular phase composition in silicon nitride ceramics.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-707620200004.1178 328 downloads

Cuestionario de emociones y creencias acerca de la alimentación y el peso (CECAP)
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Silva, Cecilia

; González Alcántara, Karla Edith

Actualidades en Psicología

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Dez 2019, Volume 33 Nº 127 Páginas 37 - 48

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Objective. To build and assess the psychometric properties of an instrument that allows the emotions and beliefs elicited by food consumption to be operationalized. Participants. 1833 men (49.9%) and women (50.1%), between 14 and 18 years old (M = 15.43, SD = .93) participated in this study in a non-probabilistic and intentional way. 95.4% of the participants were studying at high school level, and 4.6% began their higher education in public schools in Mexico City. Method. The quality of the instrument was tested according to the Classical Test Theory. Only the purposely-made instrument was implemented. Results. A valid and reliable instrument was obtained, with three dimensions: erroneous beliefs about weight control, experiencing of pleasant emotions when eating, and importance given to body weight.

Resumen Objetivo. Construir y valorar las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento que permita operacionalizar las emociones y las creencias que elicitan el consumo de alimentos. Participantes. De manera no probabilística e intencional participaron 1833 hombres (49.9%) y mujeres (50.1%), de entre 14 y 18 años (M = 15.43, DT = .93). El 95.4% de los participantes se encontraban estudiando el nivel medio superior y el 4.6% iniciaba sus estudios de nivel superior en escuelas públicas de la Ciudad de México. Método. Se probó la calidad del instrumento desde la Teoría Clásica de los Test. Solo se aplicó el instrumento realizado ex profeso. Resultados. Se obtuvo un instrumento válido y confiable con tres dimensiones: creencias erróneas acerca del control de peso, experimentación de emociones agradables al comer e importancia que se le otorga al peso corporal.

https://doi.org/10.15517/ap.v33i127.34778

Concepções educativas morais de crianças e adolescentes: diálogo entre teoria do juízo moral de Piaget e teoria do domínio social de Turiel
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Caetano, Luciana Maria

; Souza, Jackeline Maria de

; Silva, Cecilia Onohara da

; Choi, Paulo Yoo Chul

Educação e Pesquisa

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2019, Volume 45 elocation e193129

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal a investigação das concepções educativas morais de crianças e adolescentes, focando em suas compreensões acerca do papel dos pais como educadores e formadores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e de análise qualitativa e quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas estruturadas, utilizando um instrumento embasado na teoria do domínio social e na Piagetiana. Participaram 45 sujeitos, de 10 a 13 anos, alunos de uma escola pública de um bairro periférico de um município da Grande São Paulo. Os resultados indicaram: pouca presença de justificativas morais e a grande proporção de justificativas convencionais; obediência mesmo quando não legitimando a autoridade parental; pouca reivindicação por autonomia; notou-se que a legitimidade da autoridade parental, a obrigatoriedade da regra e a obediência da regra predominam, em maior grau, nas situações que foram classificadas previamente como sendo de domínios moral, prudencial e convencional, diferente das situações que envolvem o domínio pessoal. Ao considerar os resultados encontrados, pode-se afirmar que, sob o ponto de vista dos participantes dessa amostra, o papel dos pais está muito relacionado ao estabelecimento de regras sobre todos os conteúdos das interações sociais dos filhos. Além disso, a autoridade deles é frequentemente legitimada, com exceção dos assuntos percebidos como de domínio pessoal. Ao consultar a literatura da área, observa-se que pais e filhos têm percepções diferentes sobre justiça, obediência, autonomia e respeito em suas relações. Sugerem-se novas pesquisas com diversificação da amostragem e a inserção da variável religião, dada a quantidade de justificativas referentes à temática.

Abstract The main objective of this research was to investigate the moral educational conceptions of children and adolescents, focusing on their understanding of the role of parents as educators and character formers. It is an exploratory, descriptive research of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The data were collected through structured interviews, using an instrument based on social domain theory and Piaget’s theory, with participation of 45 persons aged 10 to 13 years, students of a public school in a peripheral neighborhood of a municipality in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region. The results indicated: little presence of moral justifications and the large proportion of conventional justifications; obedience even when not legitimizing parental authority; little claim for autonomy; it was noted that the legitimacy of parental authority, the binding character of a rule and rule compliance predominate to a greater degree in situations that have previously been classified as being of moral, prudential and conventional domains, different from situations of personal domain. Considering the results it can be said that, from the point of view of the participants in this sample, the role of the parents is strongly related to the establishment of rules about all the contents of the children’s social interactions. In addition, their authority is often legitimized, except on matters perceived as personal domain. In consulting the literature of the area, it is observed that parents and children have different perceptions about justice, obedience, autonomy and respect in their relationships. We suggest new researches with diversification of the samples and the insertion of the variable “religion”, given the amount of justifications referring to it.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-4634201945193129 2762 downloads

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and in vitro Biological Behavior of Silicon Nitride Ceramics
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Guedes-Silva, Cecilia Chaves

; Rodas, Andrea Cecilia Dorion

; Silva, Antonio Carlos

; Ribeiro, Christiane

; Carvalho, Flávio Machado de Souza

; Higa, Olga Zazuco

; Ferreira, Thiago dos Santos

Materials Research

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2018, Volume 21 Nº 6 elocation e20180266

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The bioinert surface of silicon nitride ceramics led us to investigate the additions of SiO2, CaO and Al2O3 in order to aid the liquid phase sintering and improve the mechanical properties and biological behavior of the final materials. The sintered materials reached ca. 97% of theoretical density and total α→β-Si3N4 transformation. The samples had relatively high values of fracture toughness while their elastic modulus values were lower than those of conventional silicon nitride ceramics. Apatite deposits were observed on the surfaces analyzed after SBF (simulated body fluid) immersions, suggesting their bioactivity. Osteoblasts proliferation and calcified matrix were also detected as response to cells/materials contact. This combination of properties suggests that all studied compositions are promising for applications in biomedical devices. Moreover, compositions with alumina additions and higher silica content had better in vitro biological behavior, densification and mechanical properties, suggesting greater potential to be used in bone substitute devices.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2018-0266 1529 downloads

10.

Rol de género y actitudes alimentarias en adolescentes de dos diferentes contextos socioculturales: Tradicional vs. no tradicional
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Silva, Cecilia

; Millán Díaz, Bertha Aurora

; González Alcántara, Karla Edith

Revista mexicana de trastornos alimentarios

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Jun 2017, Volume 8 Nº 1 Páginas 40 - 48

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The objective of this study was to know the gender roles that predict negative attitudes towards eating among adolescents from two different sociocultural contexts of Mexico (traditional vs. non-traditional). Participants were 392 women between 13 to 18 years old (M = 15.04; SD= 1.32) from two different sociocultural contexts: traditional (Pungarabato, Guerrero) and non-traditional (Mexico City) who answered the Masculinity and Femininity Inventory (IMAFE) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40). Results showed that negative characteristics of gender role predict negative attitudes towards eating: Submission for adolescents from traditional contexts, and Machismo for those from non-traditional contexts. This study proposes that social contexts in which young population grow influence their eating attitudes and therefore, may be considered as a risk factor for the development of symptomatology of eating disorders. This research supports the need to design prevention campaigns according the type of population.

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer los roles de género que predicen las actitudes negativas hacia la alimentación entre adolescentes de dos diferentes contextos socioculturales (tradicional vs. no tradicional) de México. Participaron 392 mujeres de entre 13 y 18 años de edad (M = 15.02, DE = 1.32) provenientes de dos contextos socioculturales diferentes, uno considerado tradicional (Pungarabato, Guerrero) y uno considerado no tradicional (Ciudad de México), quienes completaron el Inventario de Masculinidad y Feminidad (IMAFE) y el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT-40). Los resultados muestran que las características negativas del rol de género predicen las actitudes negativas hacia la alimentación: Sumisión para las adolescentes de los contextos tradicionales, y Machismo para las de contextos no tradicionales. Este estudio propone que los contextos sociales en los que se desarrollan los jóvenes influyen en sus actitudes hacia la alimentación y, por tanto, pudieran conformarse como un factor que eleva el riesgo de aparición de la sintomatología asociada a los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Esta investigación fundamenta la necesidad de diseñar campañas de prevención específicas al tipo de población.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmta.2016.12.002 2433 downloads

11.

Perspectivas bioéticas sobre justiça nos ensaios clínicos
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Silva, Cecilia Ferreira da

; Ventura, Miriam

; Castro, Claudia Garcia Serpa Osorio de

Revista Bioética

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Ago 2016, Volume 24 Nº 2 Páginas 292 - 303

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo O Brasil é campo próspero para ensaios clínicos, possui regulamentação nacional e sistema de monitoramento bem desenvolvido e institucionalizado. A Resolução do Conselho Nacional de Saúde CNS 466/2012 incorpora o princípio da justiça como fundamental para garantir a eticidade das pesquisas. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os sentidos bioéticos atribuídos a esse princípio na condução dos ensaios clínicos com medicamentos no país. Trata-se de revisão narrativa da literatura, realizada em duas etapas: compreensão das regulamentações em pesquisa e busca sistemática sobre o tema. Há fragmentação da discussão sobre o princípio da justiça, abordando-se diferentes etapas dos ensaios. As percepções dos autores foram organizadas em três categorias que possuem certo grau de intercambialidade. Devem ser realizados estudos empíricos e discussões sobre a aplicação desse princípio na análise ética dos ensaios clínicos e sobre sua adequação e efetividade com vistas à redução das injustiças em saúde.

Abstract Brazil has a welcoming setting for clinical trials, with national regulations and a well-developed and institutionalized monitoring system. Resolution 466/2012 of the Conselho Nacional de Saúde (Brazilian National Health Council) adopted the principle of justice as a fundamental requirement for ethics in research. The aim of the present study was to investigate the bioethical meanings attributed to this principle in clinical trials with drugs in the country. The study was conducted through a thorough literature review, which was performed in two phases: understanding trial regulations and systematically researching the issue. Discussions regarding the principle of justice vary greatly when addressing the different stages of trials. The authors’ perceptions were organized into three categories, which are interchangeable to a certain degree. Empirical studies and discussions must be conducted in relation to the application of this principle during the ethical analysis of clinical trials, while also addressing the adequacy and effectiveness of this principle in reducing social injustices in the health sector.

Resumen Brasil es un campo próspero para ensayos clínicos, posee una reglamentación nacional y un sistema de seguimiento bien desarrollado e institucionalizado. La Resolución del Conselho Nacional de Saúde (CNS) (Consejo Nacional de Salud) 466/2012 incorpora el principio de la justicia como fundamental para garantizar la eticidad de las investigaciones. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los sentidos bioéticos atribuidos a este principio en la realización de ensayos clínicos con medicamentos en el país. Se trata de una revisión narrativa de la literatura, realizada en dos etapas: alcance o ámbito de las regulaciones en investigación y búsqueda sistemática sobre el tema. Hay una fragmentación en la discusión del principio de justicia en las diferentes etapas de los ensayos. Las percepciones de los autores fueron organizadas en tres categorías que, no obstante, tienen cierto grado de intercambiabilidad. Se debe profundizar en estudios empíricos y discusiones sobre la aplicación de este principio en el análisis ético de los ensayos clínicos y sobre la adecuación y efectividad con el fin de reducir las injusticias en la salud.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422016242130 4852 downloads

12.

Influence of Alumina Phases on the Molybdenum Adsorption Capacity and Chemical Stability for 99Mo/99mTc Generators Columns
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Guedes-Silva, Cecilia C.

; Ferreira, Thiago dos Santos

; Carvalho, Flávio M.S.

; Paula, Carolina M. de

; Otubo, Larissa

Materials Research

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Ago 2016, Volume 19 Nº 4 Páginas 791 - 794

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Technetium-99m is the clinically most used radionuclide worldwide. Although many techniques can be applied to separate 99Mo and 99mTc, the most commonly used method is the column chromatography with alumina as stationary phase. However, the alumina nowadays used has limited adsorption capacity of molybdate ions which implies the need to develop or improve materials to produce high specific activity generators. In this paper, alumina was obtained by a solid state method and heat treatments at different conditions. The powders had a microstructure with porous particles of γ, δ, θ and α-Al2O3 phases as well as specific surface area between 36 and 312 m2 g-1. Most interesting results were reached by powders calcined at 900ºC for 5 hours which had high chemical stability and a molybdenum adsorption capacity of 92.45 mg Mo per g alumina.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2015-0560 1739 downloads

13.

Formation of Aluminum Titanate with Small Additions of MgO and SiO2
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Guedes-Silva, Cecilia Chaves

; Carvalho, Flávio Machado de Souza

; Ferreira, Thiago dos Santos

; Genova, Luis Antonio

Materials Research

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Abr 2016, Volume 19 Nº 2 Páginas 384 - 388

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The formation of aluminum titanate was investigated by isothermal treatments of samples obtained from equimolar mixtures of alumina and titania, containing small amounts of silica and magnesia. Results of differential thermal analysis and Rietveld refinements of data collected by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) showed that additions of silica in amounts used in this work did not influence the formation of aluminum titanate. However, the presence of magnesia favored the formation of aluminum titanate in two steps, first one by incorporating Mg2+ into Al2TiO5 lattice during its initial formation, and the second one by accelerating the Al2TiO5 formation, contributing to large quantities of this phase. MgO doped samples have also developed a more suitable microstructure for stabilizing of Al2TiO5, what make them promising for applications such as thermal barriers, internal combustion engines and support material for catalyst.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2015-0498 2344 downloads

14.

Os ensaios clínicos e o registro de anticorpos monoclonais e biomedicamentos oncológicos no Brasil
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Silva, Cecilia Ferreira da

; Silva, Miriam Ventura da

; Osorio-de-Castro, Claudia Garcia Serpa

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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Mar 2016, Volume 39 Nº 3 Páginas 149 - 156

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o percurso dos ensaios clínicos com anticorpos monoclonais e biomedicamentos oncológicos realizados em instituições brasileiras de 2003 a 2012. Método Neste estudo retrospectivo e descritivo, realizou-se um levantamento junto aos repositórios ClinicalTrials.gov e ReBEC. Foram incluídos ensaios de fase II ou III com participação do Brasil e registro em pelo menos um dos repositórios. Após a seleção dos ensaios, foi investigada a trajetória dos anticorpos monoclonais e biomedicamentos desde a pesquisa até o registro sanitário junto a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) e European Medicines Agency (EMA). Resultado Nove ensaios foram selecionados, todos randomizados controlados. Oito eram de fase III e um de fase II. Dois ensaios utilizaram cegamento duplo e sete eram abertos. Todos apresentaram recrutamento para ambos os sexos, com idade mínima de 18 anos. A média de recrutamento foi de 985,2 pacientes. Sete ensaios estavam finalizados e dois haviam sido encerrados prematuramente. Todos os ensaios foram financiados por indústrias farmacêuticas não brasileiras e enfocaram câncer renal, colorretal, gástrico, de pulmão (não pequenas células), linfoma não-Hodgkin e melanoma, envolvendo a utilização de cetuximabe, figitumumabe, ipilimumabe, rituximabe, bevacizumabe e interferon alfa-2a. A FDA foi a primeira agência a registrar os medicamentos, seguida pela EMA, a não ser no caso do interferon alfa-2a, recusado pela EMA. Não foi possível avaliar o ano de aprovação no Brasil pela Anvisa. Conclusão A participação do Brasil nos ensaios clínicos com anticorpos monoclonais e biomedicamentos oncológicos é insuficiente. A limitação do conteúdo disponível sobre os estudos, histórico de registro e outros elementos relevantes é uma fragilidade importante das fontes consultadas.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the pathway of clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies and biological medicines for cancer treatment involving Brazilian institutions from 2003 to 2012. Method This retrospective, descriptive study was based on review of two clinical trial registries, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Brazilian registry ReBEC. Phase II or III studies with participation from Brazilian institutions listed in at least one of the registries were included. Following selection of the trials, the pathway of monoclonal antibodies and biological medicines was investigated from the research stage until licensing by the Brazilian Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (Anvisa), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and European Medicines Agency (EMA). Results Nine trials (eight phase III and one phase II) were selected. All had a randomized, controlled design. Two trials were double-blind and seven were open-label, and all recruited adults (≥ 18 years of age) of both sexes. The mean number of patients recruited per trial was 985.2. Seven trials had been completed and two had been terminated early. All trials were sponsored by non-Brazilian pharmaceutical companies and focused on renal, colorectal, gastric, and lung (non-small cell) cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and melanoma, and involved the use of cetuximab, figitumumab, ipilimumab, rituximab, bevacizumab and interferon alfa-2a. The FDA was the first agency to license the drugs, followed by EMA, except in the case of interferon alfa-2a, which was not approved by EMA. We were unable to determine the year of drug licensing by Anvisa in Brazil. Conclusions The participation of Brazil in clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies and biological medications for cancer treatment is insufficient. The quality of the available information on trials, history of licensing, and other relevant elements is a major weakness of the sources reviewed.

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15.

Construcción de una Escala Breve de Depresión Rasgo para Adolescentes
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Silva, Cecilia

; Jiménez-Cruz, Blanca Elizabeth

Acta de investigación psicológica

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2016, Volume 6 Nº 1 Páginas 2317 - 2324

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: Since adolescence is a particularly vulnerable stage to present depressed mood, and because there is a greater emphasis on depression as a state with the consequent lack of instruments to evaluate it as a feature (understood as the tendency to respond in a depressive way to daily situations), 407 young people with an average age of 20.14 years were evaluated. As the result, a reliable scale of five items was obtained (α = .711) useful to assess depression trait in adolescents. Its validity was confirmed by the convergence of the obtained scores with those resulting from the IDERE (Ramirez, Grau, Martin & Grau, 1989).

Resumen: Debido a que la adolescencia es una etapa particularmente vulnerable para presentar ánimo deprimido, y en tanto que se ha puesto mayor énfasis en la depresión como estado con la consecuente carencia de instrumentos para evaluarla como rasgo (entendida como la tendencia a responder de manera depresiva de manera cotidiana), se trabajó con 407 jóvenes con un promedio de edad de 20.14 años. Como resultado, se obtuvo una escala breve conformada por cinco reactivos (α de Cronbach = .711) útil para evaluar confiablemente la depresión rasgo en adolescentes, y cuya validez quedó confirmada por la convergencia de sus puntuaciones con las del IDERE (Ramírez, Grau, Martín & Grau, 1989).

https://doi.org/10.1016/s2007-4719(16)30052-7 1350 downloads

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